{"id":13480,"date":"2024-11-26T01:47:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:47:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/?p=13480"},"modified":"2024-12-04T20:58:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T01:58:37","slug":"no-laughing-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/2024\/11\/no-laughing-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"No Laughing Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"dropcap\">O<\/span>ne newspaper publisher was tried, convicted, and executed during the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals after World War II. Julius Streicher, publisher of the virulently anti-Semitic <em>Der St\u00fcrmer<\/em>, was convicted of crimes against humanity. The publisher was led to the gallows on October 16, 1945. Maintaining a defiantly hateful air, Streicher called out \u201cHeil Hitler!\u201d before denigrating the proceedings as \u201cPurimfest,\u201d referring to the Jewish holiday of Purim. After the hanging, his corpse was cremated at Dachau, the same as many victims of Nazism.<\/p>\n<p><em>Der St\u00fcrmer<\/em>\u2019s slogan \u201cThe Jews are our misfortune,\u201d was carried on every issue. Stories within lived up to that slogan, accusing Jews of a host of crimes. They were rapacious capitalists. They were subversive communists. They molested German girls. They undermined Christianity. They served Satan and his minions. They schemed to conquer the world. They drank the blood of Gentiles. No stone was left unturned in Streicher\u2019s quest to dehumanize Jews, all the better to prepare their extermination. The tribunal at Nuremberg <a href=\"https:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/imt\/judstrei.asp\">found that<\/a> Streicher\u2019s words constituted \u201cincitement to murder and extermination at the time when Jews in the East were being killed under the most horrible conditions clearly constitutes persecution on political and racial grounds in connection with war crimes&#8230;and constitutes a crime against humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The messages of these stories were supported by the cartoons of Phillip Rupprecht, alias \u201cFips.\u201d Streicher biographer Randall Bytwerk described Rupprecht as \u201ca cartoonist of outstanding crudity\u201d who \u201cbecame identified with the <em>St\u00fcrmer<\/em> almost as closely as Streicher.\u201d In some ways, the cartoons were worse than the articles. Even a complete illiterate could see the drawings of fat, unshaven Jews leering at young girls or Jews drinking the blood of Christians and get the idea. The cartoons routinely compared Jews to animals, especially snakes\u2014symbols of evil dating back to the story of Adam and Eve.\u00a0 Rupprecht\u2019s drawings <a href=\"https:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/thumb.htm\">also appeared<\/a> in the book <em>Der Giftpilz<\/em> (the Toadstool) a piece of anti-Semitic propaganda aimed at children and occasionally used in German schools.<\/p>\n<p>Rupprecht\u2019s cartoons constituted, like the articles his boss ran, a clear incitement to genocide. Yet he escaped Streicher\u2019s fate in the hangman\u2019s noose. Instead, he was sentenced to the relatively mild sentence of ten years hard labor, of which he served only five. He worked as a painter and decorator after his prison term, fathered four children, and passed away at 74.<\/p>\n<p>Could a newspaper run cartoons that serve as incitement to genocide today? Is such a thing possible? Not only is it possible, but the printing of such propaganda has been happening for over a year. The death toll in Gaza <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3\/fulltext\">has surpassed<\/a> 186,000 per a <em>Lancet<\/em> study, all while Israeli politicians continue to <a href=\"https:\/\/jewishcurrents.org\/a-textbook-case-of-genocide\">spout genocidal rhetoric<\/a> aimed at Palestinians. Israel\u2019s conduct during the war has been enabled at every step by the United States, via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/who-are-israels-main-weapons-suppliers-who-has-halted-exports-2024-05-09\/\">weapons sales<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/article\/us-aid-israel-four-charts\">billions of dollars<\/a> in military aid. Nevertheless, cartoonists in English language media have continued to dehumanize and attack Palestinians, Arabs, Muslims, and those in the Palestine solidarity movement.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">\u2026Cartoonists in English language media have continued to dehumanize and attack Palestinians, Arabs, Muslims, and those in the Palestine solidarity movement.<\/aside>\n<p>One of the ways cartoonists have done this is by comparing Palestinians and their allies to Nazis. Last October, Kirk Walters (King Features) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailycartoonist.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/22\/csotd-rant-mode-on-and-on-and-on\/\">showed campus protesters<\/a> as tiki torch-carrying white nationalists straight out of the 2017 Charlottesville protests. One protester even physically resembles Adolf Hitler.\u00a0 Gary Varvel (Creators Syndicate) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/garyvarvel\/2023\/11\/01\">took a similar tack<\/a> last November: A protester with a Hitler mustache proudly wears an \u201cI Heart Hamas\u201d sweater. Comparing the victims of a genocide to perpetrators of a genocide is a shameful emulation of the pickpocket who yells \u201cStop thief!\u201d to direct attention away from himself. This is readily apparent in Varvel\u2019s case given that his cartoons <a href=\"https:\/\/torontosun.com\/opinion\/sun-apologizes-for-cartoon?Echobox=1703191078\">stopped running<\/a> in <em>Toronto Sun<\/em> over an anti-Semitic caricature of Ukrainian president Vladimir Zelenskyy. Now he poses as the staunchest defender of Jewish people.<\/p>\n<p>Another avenue of attack from these cartoonists is to identify symbols of Arabs or Muslims as synonymous with evil. In April, Bob Gorell (Creators Syndicate) had the \u201cC\u201d in Columbia University <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/bobgorrell\/2024\/04\/24\">replaced with<\/a> the Muslim crescent and star, an Islamophobic reaction to the university\u2019s pro-Palestine encampment. Michael Ramirez (<em>Las Vegas Review Journal<\/em>) has been no stranger to anti-Muslim sentiment in his art. In 2007, <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071011123736\/http:\/\/atimes.com\/atimes\/Middle_East\/II20Ak02.html\">he drew Iran<\/a> as a sewer with cockroaches swarming outwards to nearby countries. So it was no surprise when he placed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/michaelramirez\/2024\/05\/02\"> the Palestinian flag<\/a> side-by-side with a sign reading \u201cWe Side With Evil\u201d in May. That month, Dana Summers (Tribune Syndicate) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/danasummers\/2024\/04\/23\">showed college professors<\/a> as Eastern snake charmers calling forth a cobra labeled \u201cantisemitism,\u201d in a neat bit of Orientalism that manages to collapse Middle Easterners into South Asians. What would Edward Said say?<\/p>\n<p>By far the most common symbol used in this way is the keffiyeh headdress. Chop Bock (Creators Syndicate) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/chipbok\/2024\/04\/25\">showed a frightening Arab<\/a> on a college campus, face covered with a keffiyeh, hoisting a \u201cDeath to America\u201d sign. Ramirez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/michaelramirez\/2024\/05\/02\">gave a keffiyeh-wearing protester<\/a> a button reading \u201cHate.\u201d Hate who? Why? The answers are unimportant. It\u2019s enough to say that Palestinians and their sympathizers are motivated by unreasoning hatred and nothing more. Ramirez pulled off a similar trick when one of his cartoons <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/michaelramirez\/2024\/04\/24\">depicted a college professor<\/a> carrying a sign reading \u201cFrom the River to the Sea: Support Hamas\u201d and wearing an \u201cI Love Terrorists Button.\u201d You guessed it, the professor is wearing a keffiyeh. Absurdly enough, even Joe Biden, who has given everything Israel has wanted, has been slandered in this way. Varvel drew Genocide Joe as the second coming of Yasser Arafat, with the President <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gocomics.com\/garyvarvel\/2024\/05\/09\">ridiculously proclaiming<\/a> \u201cNo more military aid to Israel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>After Israel\u2019s pager attack on Hezbollah, anti-Palestinian cartoonists were quick to incorporate it into their work. The right-wing <em>National Review<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metrotimes.com\/news\/detroit-news-reporter-blasted-for-racist-tlaib-cartoon-37403059\">ran a cartoon<\/a> in which Palestinian-American Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib\u2019s pager exploded. Apparently, joking about assassinating a congressperson is great fun in conservative media. UK satire magazine <em>Private Eye<\/em> published a cartoon that had a post-attack Hezbollah looking to socialist politician Jeremy Corbyn for leadership. After reader uproar, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/TomeoBen\/status\/1844806196634521978\">the cartoon was deleted<\/a>. Everyone offended presumably belonged to <a href=\"https:\/\/mackaycartoons.net\/tag\/2023-18\/\">Canadian cartoonist<\/a> Graeme McKay\u2019s \u201cStudent Union of Volatile and Underdeveloped Cerebral Cortices.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The cartoonists listed have suffered remarkably few consequences for illustrating what the Nuremberg trials ruled is incitement to genocide. One of Ramirez\u2019s cartoons that showed Palestinians with exaggerated racial features <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/washington-post-deletes-hamas-israel-cartoon_n_654d2d52e4b0c9f2465f593e\">was pulled from<\/a> the <em>Washington Post<\/em> after readers criticized it as racist, but that\u2019s it.\u00a0 Contrast with the treatment of Palestinian cartoonist <a href=\"https:\/\/progressive.org\/latest\/mohammad-sabaanehs-cartoons-reflect-the-truth-of-israeli-occupation-kennedy-20240708\/\">Mohammad Sabaaneh<\/a>, detained and harassed numerous times by the Israeli military for resisting genocide through his art. In 1945, Rupprecht also received far harsher treatment, thus illustrating what journalists and scholars have referred to as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/nov\/01\/palestine-us-activism-firings-speech\">Palestine exception<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If words like Streicher\u2019s and drawings like Rupprecht\u2019s are an incitement to genocide, that principle remains true today. Cartoonists who use their talents to further dehumanize a population facing expulsion, ethnic cleansing, and genocide, are following in the shameful footsteps of <em>Der St\u00fcrmer<\/em>. They ought to be treated as such.<\/p>\n<p><small>Featured Image credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Birkenau_m%C3%BAzeum_-_panoramio_(cropped).jpg\">pzk net<\/a>; modified by Tempest.<\/small><br \/>\n<small><em>Opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or the Tempest Collective. For more information, see \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempestmag.org\/about\/\">About Tempest Collective<\/a>.\u201d<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tempest member <strong>Hank Kennedy<\/strong> discusses the Nazi use of cartoon propaganda and draws parallels to the Zionist attack on Palestinians and Palestine solidarity activists today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":13481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[115,388,269,291,38,181],"class_list":["post-13480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-anti-semitism","tag-antisemitism","tag-arts-and-culture","tag-comics","tag-culture","tag-palestine"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/feature_card-24.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}