{"id":13426,"date":"2024-10-27T06:25:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-27T10:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/?p=13426"},"modified":"2024-11-05T20:53:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T01:53:10","slug":"the-logic-of-trump-vs-the-logic-of-lenin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/2024\/10\/the-logic-of-trump-vs-the-logic-of-lenin\/","title":{"rendered":"The logic of Trump vs. the logic of Lenin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"dropcap\">T<\/span>wo realities frame this talk. One is that I have recently written a book, <em>Lenin: Responding to Catastrophe, Forging Revolution<\/em>. The other is that the 2024 Presidential election in the United States, however it goes, inevitably advances an intense political crisis whose outcome is by no means clear.<span title='Portions of this presentation are derived and developed from Paul Le Blanc, \u201cTrumpism, Fascism, and Political Realities in the United States,\u201d Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, 11 June 2024 (https:\/\/links.org.au\/trumpism-fascism-and-political-realities-united-states), and Paul Le Blanc, Lenin: Responding to Catastrophe, Forging Revolution (London: Pluto Press, 2023). ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>1<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portions of this presentation are derived and developed from Paul Le Blanc, \u201cTrumpism, Fascism, and Political Realities in the United States,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 11 June 2024 (https:\/\/links.org.au\/trumpism-fascism-and-political-realities-united-states), and Paul Le Blanc, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lenin: Responding to Catastrophe, Forging Revolution<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Pluto Press, 2023). <\/span><\/span><\/span>It occurred to me that it might be useful, at this historic moment, to compare the logic of Donald J Trump and the logic of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. As I will outline, the qualities inherent in the approaches of Trump and Lenin have quite different logics \u2014 moving toward different outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>My remarks have four basic components. First, an examination of Trump and Trumpism. Second, how some Marxists have analyzed fascism. Third, a suggestion of how this analysis could be applied to U.S. realities. Fourth, a brief examination of Lenin and Leninism, with a concluding comment on how Trumpism is stronger than Leninism.<\/p>\n<p>A trusted comrade who read earlier drafts of this presentation, noting what he felt were gaps and deficiencies, told me: \u201cThis is not your best work.\u201d I think that is inevitably the case. What I say here is fragmentary and incomplete, in more than one way. My hope is that what I offer will be useful, nonetheless, for helping to advance a clarifying discussion. Perhaps that discussion will contribute to our thinking of what is what, and what is to be done.<\/p>\n<h4>Trump and Trumpism<\/h4>\n<p>Trump\u2019s politics has been labeled by some as Trumpism. Before examining Trumpism, let us pause to consider the mediocrity with whose name this \u201cism\u201d is identified.<\/p>\n<p>The ABCs of Trump\u2019s qualities certainly include arrogance, as well as the Three Bs: bigot, bully, and braggart. The bragging takes many forms: a self-promoting \u201cgo-getter\u201d who compulsively highlights his achievements, but also claims to have <em>gone<\/em> further and <em>gotten<\/em> more than is actually the case; an ignorant man who glorifies his ignorance with the aggressive assertion \u201cI don\u2019t read books!,&#8221; while <em>claiming<\/em> to know far more than he knows; someone who exaggerates the esteem in which people hold him and takes credit for accomplishments that are not his own. His billionaire status adds luster, resources and authority to all that is involved in the narcissistic self-construction of the person who is Trump. He is quintessentially, and very proudly, a <em>capitalist<\/em>, and there are thirty-four felony convictions which cause many to label him a <em>crook<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Jumping forward in the alphabet, some critics insist Trump is a <em>fascist<\/em>. Others question whether he is consistent and coherent enough to play the role of a Benito Mussolini or an Adolf Hitler. The term fascist has certainly become a freely used insult applied to ideas, practices and people we detest. Trump himself uses it (jumbling it with words such as \u201cMarxists,&#8221; \u201cCommunists,&#8221; \u201cterrorists\u201d and \u201cvery bad people\u201d) to denounce enemies lurking in the courtroom, in the mainstream media, in the government, and in the Democratic Party.<\/p>\n<p>How disciplined and single-minded is Trump as a political leader? He could hardly be compared favorably to a Winston Churchill or a Ronald Reagan, let alone to a Mussolini or a Hitler. \u201cBy the spring of 2020,\u201d according to <em>New York Times<\/em> chronicler Maggie Haberman, \u201cit had become clear to many of his top advisors that Trump\u2019s impulse to undermine existing systems and bend institutions to suit his purposes was accompanied by erratic behavior and levels of anger requiring others to try to keep him on track nearly every hour of the day.\u201d<span title='Maggie Haberman,\u00a0Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America\u00a0(New York: Penguin Books, 2022), p. 429. Also see Editorial Board, \u201cThe Dangers of Donald Trump From Those Who Know Him,\u201d New York Times, September 26, 2024, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2024\/09\/26\/opinion\/donald-trump-personality-history.html?campaign_id=39&amp;emc=edit_ty_20240926&amp;instance_id=135316&amp;nl=opinion-today&amp;regi_id=193649321&amp;segment_id=178877&amp;te=1&amp;user_id=06e4631b08696d219a8ac228313dce02.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>2<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maggie Haberman,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(New York: Penguin Books, 2022), p. 429. Also see Editorial Board, \u201cThe Dangers of Donald Trump From Those Who Know Him,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 26, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2024\/09\/26\/opinion\/donald-trump-personality-history.html?campaign_id=39&amp;emc=edit_ty_20240926&amp;instance_id=135316&amp;nl=opinion-today&amp;regi_id=193649321&amp;segment_id=178877&amp;te=1&amp;user_id=06e4631b08696d219a8ac228313dce02\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2024\/09\/26\/opinion\/donald-trump-personality-history.html?campaign_id=39&amp;emc=edit_ty_20240926&amp;instance_id=135316&amp;nl=opinion-today&amp;regi_id=193649321&amp;segment_id=178877&amp;te=1&amp;user_id=06e4631b08696d219a8ac228313dce02<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>It is instructive to consider the experience of Steve Bannon, one of the most focused far-right ideologues who served as a central advisor in the early phase of the 2016 Trump administration. Michael Wolff reported:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Part of Bannon\u2019s authority in the new White House was as keeper of the Trump promises, meticulously logged onto the white board in his office. Some of these promises Trump enthusiastically remembered making, others he had little memory of, but was happy to accept that he had said it. Bannon acted as disciple and promoted Trump to guru \u2014 or inscrutable God.<span title='Michael Wolff,\u00a0Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House\u00a0(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2018), pp. 115-116.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>3<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Wolff,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2018), pp. 115-116.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bannon would become exasperated and disillusioned, realizing that the details of the right-wing \u201cpopulist\u201d agenda he envisioned \u201cwere entirely captive to Trump\u2019s inattention and wild mood swings. Trump, Bannon had long ago learned, \u2018doesn\u2019t give a fuck about the agenda \u2014 he doesn\u2019t know what the agenda is\u2019.\u201d<span title='Michael Wolff,\u00a0Siege: Trump Under Fire (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2019), p. 29.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>4<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Wolff,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Siege: Trump Under Fire<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2019), p. 29.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">[W]hat can be termed Trumpism transcends the dysfunctionality of this aging individual. Several essential elements help define what we are labeling Trumpism.<\/aside>\n<p>But what can be termed Trumpism transcends the dysfunctionality of this aging individual. Several essential elements help define what we are labeling Trumpism.<\/p>\n<p>One element is armed and dangerous: the forces that came together to storm the Capitol on January 6, 2021, which included the Proud Boys, the Oath Keepers, militant components of the Tea Party movement, latter-day partisans of the old Southern Confederacy, and various Nazi and white supremacist groups. U.S. General Mark Milley, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in his January 2021 notebook, listed the groups with the comment, \u201cBig Threat: domestic terrorism.\u201d According to the <em>Washington Post\u2019<\/em>s Bob Woodward and Robert Costa: \u201cSome were the new Brown Shirts, a U.S. version, Milley concluded, of the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party that supported Hitler. It was a planned revolution. Steve Bannon\u2019s vision coming to life. Bring it all down, blow it up, burn it, and emerge with power.\u201d<span title='Bob Woodward and Robert Costa, Peril (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2021), pp. 273-274; Matt Prince, \u201cWhat is President Trump\u2019s Relationship with Far-Right and White Supremacist Groups?,\u201d Los Angeles Times, Sept. 30, 2020,\u00a0https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/story\/2020-09-30\/la-na-pol-2020-trump-white-supremacy; Aram Roston, \u201cThe Proud Boys Are Back: How the Far-Right is Rebuilding to Rally Behind Trump,\u201d Reuters, June 3, 2024,\u00a0https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-proudboys\/.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>5<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Woodward and Robert Costa, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peril<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2021), pp. 273-274; Matt Prince, \u201cWhat is President Trump\u2019s Relationship with Far-Right and White Supremacist Groups?,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Angeles Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Sept. 30, 2020,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/story\/2020-09-30\/la-na-pol-2020-trump-white-supremacy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/story\/2020-09-30\/la-na-pol-2020-trump-white-supremacy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Aram Roston, \u201cThe Proud Boys Are Back: How the Far-Right is Rebuilding to Rally Behind Trump,\u201d Reuters, June 3, 2024,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-proudboys\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-proudboys\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span> <\/span>These once-marginalized elements had come into the political mainstream, and had grown substantially, with the active encouragement of Trump and others around him. But this cunning, avaricious, profoundly limited individual and his acolytes were hardly capable of controlling them. Indeed, as a whole, the huge and diverse \u201cMake America Great Again\u201d movement cannot be understood as being under his control.<span title='Ezra Klein, \u201cThe MAGA Movement Has Become a Problem for Trump,\u201d New York Times, Sept. 22, 2024, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/22\/opinion\/project-2025-trump-election.html. ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>6<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ezra Klein, \u201cThe MAGA Movement Has Become a Problem for Trump,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Sept. 22, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/22\/opinion\/project-2025-trump-election.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/22\/opinion\/project-2025-trump-election.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Blended into segments of this pro-Trump constituency is something called \u201cChristian nationalism,\u201d which rejects the ideals of radical democracy enshrined in the Declaration of Independence and asserts that the U.S. was founded (as one televangelist put it) \u201cby Christians who wanted to build a Christian nation on the foundation of God\u2019s will,&#8221; as defined by right-wing fundamentalists who see the notion of equal-rights democracy as a heresy incompatible with Christianity. Maverick neo-conservative Robert Kagan anxiously commented that \u201cwhat Christian nationalists call \u2018liberal totalitarianism\u2019,\u201d the signers of the Declaration of Independence called \u201cfreedom of conscience.&#8221; With or without this particular religious gloss, Kagan points out, such a deep strain of fundamental anti-democratic intolerance has been present throughout U.S. history among substantial segments of the American people \u2014 reflecting bigoted attitudes on race, ethnicity, gender, and religion.<span title='Robert Kagan, Rebellion: How Antiliberalism is Tearing America Apart \u2013 Again (New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 2024), pp. 171, 176. Also see Robert P. Jones, \u201cThe Roots of Christian Nationalism Go Back Further Than You Think,\u201d Time, August 31, 2023, and Robert P. Jones, \u201cTrump\u2019s Christian Nationalist Vision for America,\u201d Time, September 10, 2024. Also see Sruthi Darbhamulla, \u201cAn Unsteady Alliance: Donald Trump and the Religious Right,\u201d The Hindu, September 10, 2024, https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/an-unsteady-alliance-trump-and-the-religious-right\/article68382345.ece. Quite different versions of Christianity exist. See, for example, Paul Le Blanc, Marx, Lenin, and the Revolutionary Experience: Studies of Communism and Radicalism in the Age of Globalization (New York: Routledge, 2006), pp. 49-77, 222-27, and Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis in the 21st Century: The Classic That Woke Up the Church (New York: Harper One, 2007). The revolutionary-democratic qualities of the founding document of the U.S. are indicated in Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York: Vintage Books, 1998).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>7<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert Kagan, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rebellion: How Antiliberalism is Tearing America Apart \u2013 Again<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 2024), pp. 171, 176. Also see Robert P. Jones, \u201cThe Roots of Christian Nationalism Go Back Further Than You Think,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, August 31, 2023, and Robert P. Jones, \u201cTrump\u2019s Christian Nationalist Vision for America,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 10, 2024. Also see Sruthi Darbhamulla, \u201cAn Unsteady Alliance: Donald Trump and the Religious Right,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hindu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 10, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/an-unsteady-alliance-trump-and-the-religious-right\/article68382345.ece\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/an-unsteady-alliance-trump-and-the-religious-right\/article68382345.ece<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Quite different versions of Christianity exist. See, for example, Paul Le Blanc, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marx, Lenin, and the Revolutionary Experience: Studies of Communism and Radicalism in the Age of Globalization<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Routledge, 2006), pp. 49-77, 222-27, and Walter Rauschenbusch, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christianity and the Social Crisis in the 21st Century: The Classic That Woke Up the Church<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Harper One, 2007). The revolutionary-democratic qualities of the founding document of the U.S. are indicated in Pauline Maier, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Vintage Books, 1998).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Another essential element of Trumpism can be found in a quite different cluster of conservative entities and individuals, drawn together in The Heritage Foundation\u2019s <em>Project 2025 Presidential Transition Project<\/em>. Founded in the 1970s, the Heritage Foundation has served as a center for conservative academics, intellectuals, and policymakers since the Reagan presidency. Its newest effort is a 900-page, <em>Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise<\/em>, which is meant to serve as a policy-making guide for a second Trump administration. According to its self-description: \u201cThis book is the product of more than 400 scholars and policy experts from across the conservative movement and around the country. Contributors include former elected officials, world-renowned economists, and from four presidential Administrations. This is an agenda prepared by and for conservatives who will be ready on Day One of the next Administration to save our country from the brink of disaster.\u201d It is worth noting that Trump is by no means the centerpiece of this document; rather, reference is made to \u201cthe next conservative President.\u201d Trump is mentioned frequently and very respectfully, but the Heritage Foundation, its collaborators, and its program are framed as entities transcending this individual. The bottom line of this conservative manifesto is a defense of unrestrained capitalism. The primary goal of the U.S. President, we are told, should be to unleash \u201cthe dynamic genius of free enterprise.\u201d This dovetails with proposals to impose a centralized authoritarian regime to enforce a wide range of right-wing policies.<span title=' Spencer Chretien, \u201cProject 2025,\u201d The Heritage Foundation, Jan. 31, 2023, https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/conservatism\/commentary\/project-2025; Project 2025 &#8211; The Presidential Transition Project: Policy Agenda, including the text of Paul Dans and Steven Groves, ed.,\u00a0Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise,\u00a0https:\/\/www.project2025.org\/policy\/. For critical evaluations, see: E. Fletcher McClellan, \u201cA Primer on the Chilling Far-Right Project 2025 Plan for 2nd Trump Presidency,\u201d Lancasteronline, June 3, 2024, https:\/\/lancasteronline.com\/opinion\/columnists\/a-primer-on-the-chilling-far-right-project-2025-plan-for-2nd-trump-presidency-column\/article_ef88858e-1e9b-11ef-9e81-bf8485299455.html; Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, \u201cProject 2025: The Far-Right Playbook for American Extremism,\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/globalextremism.org\/project-2025-the-far-right-playbook-for-american-authoritarianism\/. The quotation describing who composed the Project 2025 document is in\u00a0Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise, pp. 2-3.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>8<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spencer Chretien, \u201cProject 2025,\u201d The Heritage Foundation, Jan. 31, 2023, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/conservatism\/commentary\/project-2025\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/conservatism\/commentary\/project-2025<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Project 2025 &#8211; The Presidential Transition Project: Policy Agenda, including the text of Paul Dans and Steven Groves, ed.,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.project2025.org\/policy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.project2025.org\/policy\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For critical evaluations, see: E. Fletcher McClellan, \u201cA Primer on the Chilling Far-Right Project 2025 Plan for 2nd Trump Presidency,\u201d Lancasteronline, June 3, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lancasteronline.com\/opinion\/columnists\/a-primer-on-the-chilling-far-right-project-2025-plan-for-2nd-trump-presidency-column\/article_ef88858e-1e9b-11ef-9e81-bf8485299455.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/lancasteronline.com\/opinion\/columnists\/a-primer-on-the-chilling-far-right-project-2025-plan-for-2nd-trump-presidency-column\/article_ef88858e-1e9b-11ef-9e81-bf8485299455.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, \u201cProject 2025: The Far-Right Playbook for American Extremism,\u201d\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/globalextremism.org\/project-2025-the-far-right-playbook-for-american-authoritarianism\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/globalextremism.org\/project-2025-the-far-right-playbook-for-american-authoritarianism\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The quotation describing who composed the Project 2025 document is in\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pp. 2-3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">The bottom line of this conservative manifesto is a defense of unrestrained capitalism.<\/aside>\n<p>With an eye to moderate voters, Trump distanced himself from Project 2025. But its proponents remain solidly in the Trumpist camp, including loyalists who served in his first Presidential administration. Covert plans have been developed to implement the Project 2025 program as soon as a right-wing President assumes office. Researcher Gillian Kane notes that Project 2025 is not dependent on a Trump presidential victory, emphasizing that \u201ceven if Trump loses in November, many core aspects of this Christian nationalist plan will be implemented; indeed, some recommendations are already underway.\u201d<span title=' Centre for Climate Reporting, \u201cUndercover in Project 2025,\u201d climate-reporting.org; Curt Devine, Casey Tolan, Audrey Ash, Kyung Lah, \u201cHidden-camera video shows Project 2025 co-author discussing his secret work preparing for a second Trump term,\u201d CNN, August 15, 2024, https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/08\/15\/politics\/russ-vought-projeco0authct-2025-trump-secret-recording-invs\/index.html; Amy Goodman and Lawrence Carter, \u201cProject 2025 Co-author Lays Out \u2018Radical Agenda\u2019 for Next Trump Term in Undercover Video,\u201d Democracy Now!, August 16, 2024, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UQjdwsZhE_Q; Gillian Kane, \u201cProject 2025 is Already Here,\u201d In These Times, June 2024, p. 8. ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>9<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centre for Climate Reporting, \u201cUndercover in Project 2025,\u201d climate-reporting.org; Curt Devine, Casey Tolan, Audrey Ash, Kyung Lah, \u201cHidden-camera video shows Project 2025 co-author discussing his secret work preparing for a second Trump term,\u201d CNN, August 15, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/08\/15\/politics\/russ-vought-projeco0authct-2025-trump-secret-recording-invs\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/08\/15\/politics\/russ-vought-projeco0authct-2025-trump-secret-recording-invs\/index.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Amy Goodman and Lawrence Carter, \u201cProject 2025 Co-author Lays Out \u2018Radical Agenda\u2019 for Next Trump Term in Undercover Video,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democracy Now!<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, August 16, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UQjdwsZhE_Q\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UQjdwsZhE_Q<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Gillian Kane, \u201cProject 2025 is Already Here,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In These Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, June 2024, p. 8. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Even when Trump is no longer on the scene, the program associated with Trumpism \u2013 the unleashing of unrestrained capitalism while systematically repressing human rights and democratic freedoms \u2014 will continue to confront us.<\/p>\n<p>A key essential element in Trumpism is today\u2019s Republican Party. Leading figures and staffers of that party \u2014 as was the case with the conservative mainstream as a whole \u2014 did not begin as Trump supporters. One knowledgeable Republican operative, Tim Miller, describes what happened this way:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>When the Trump Troubles began there wasn\u2019t a single one in our ranks who would ever have said they were in his corner. To a person we found him gauche, repellent, and beneath the dignity of the public service we bestowed with bumptious regard. We didn\u2019t take him seriously. \u2026 And you wouldn\u2019t have caught us dead in one of those gaudy red baseball caps.<\/p>\n<p>But, at first gradually and then suddenly, nearly all of us decided to go along. The same people who roasted Donald Trump as an incompetent menace in private served his rancid baloney in public when convenient. They continued to do so even after the mob he summoned stained the party and our ideals and the halls of the Capitol with their shit.<span title='Tim Miller,\u00a0Why We Did It: A Travelogue from the Republican Road to Hell (New York: Harper, 2022), p. xii.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>10<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tim Miller,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why We Did It: A Travelogue from the Republican Road to Hell<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Harper, 2022), p. xii.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Miller offers an insider\u2019s view of a toxic cynicism permeating the Republican Party leadership, which contributed to Trump\u2019s triumph within its ranks. Seeing the political arena as \u201ca big game\u201d through which, by winning, they \u201cawarded themselves the status of public service, the Republican ruling class dismissed the plight of those we were manipulating, growing increasingly comfortable using tactics that inflamed them, turning them against their fellow man.\u201d Miller and other operatives \u201cadvanced arguments that none of us believed\u201d and \u201cmade people feel aggrieved about issues we had no intent or ability to solve.\u201d He confesses that a quiet and unacknowledged racism was often employed. \u201cThese tactics became not just unchecked but supercharged by a right-wing media ecosystem that we were in bed with and that had its own nefarious incentives, sucking in clicks and views through rage hustling without any intention of delivering something that might bring value to ordinary people\u2019s lives.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Miller concludes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Should it have come as a surprise that a charlatan who had spent decades duping the masses into joining his pyramid schemes and buying his shitty products would excel in such an environment? Someone who had a media platform of his own and a reptilian instinct for manipulation? Someone who didn\u2019t hesitate to say the quiet part aloud?<span title='Miller, p. xx.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>11<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Miller, p. xx.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Another ex-Republican operative, Stuart Stevens, insists it is a mistake to see Trump as having \u201chijacked\u201d the Republican Party. Instead, Trump \u201cis the logical conclusion of what the Republican Party became over the last fifty years or so, a natural product of the seeds of race, self-deception, and anger that became the essence of the Republican Party.\u201d<span title='Stuart Stevens, It Was All a Lie: How the Republican Party Became Donald Trump (New York: Vintage Books, 2021), pp. xiii, 4.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>12<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stuart Stevens, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It Was All a Lie: How the Republican Party Became Donald Trump<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Vintage Books, 2021), pp. xiii, 4.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Liz Cheney, a lifelong conservative Republican and former Congressperson from Wyoming who resisted more doggedly than most Trump\u2019s efforts to bully the Republican Party into supporting him, ended up lamenting: \u201cWe have now learned that most Republicans currently in Congress will do what Donald Trump asks, no matter what it is. \u2026 I am very sad to say that America can no longer count on a body of elected Republicans to protect our Republic.\u201d According to Cheney: \u201cSo strong is the love of power, that men and women who had once seemed reasonable and responsible were suddenly willing to violate their oath to the Constitution out of political expediency and loyalty to Donald Trump.\u201d<span title='Liz Cheney,\u00a0Oath and Honor: A Memoir and a Warning\u00a0(New York: Little Brown and Co., 2023), pp. 2, 366. It should be noted that the Constitution \u2013 defining stabilizing structures and rules for the U.S. government \u2013 is hardly a democratic document. See Robert A. Dahl, How Democratic Is the American Constitution? (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), and Robert Ovetz, We the Elites: Why the U.S. Constitution Serves the Few (London: Pluto Press, 2022).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>13<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liz Cheney,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oath and Honor: A Memoir and a Warning<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(New York: Little Brown and Co., 2023), pp. 2, 366. It should be noted that the Constitution \u2013 defining stabilizing structures and rules for the U.S. government \u2013 is hardly a democratic document. See Robert A. Dahl, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Democratic Is the American Constitution? <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), and Robert Ovetz, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We the Elites: Why the U.S. Constitution Serves the Few<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Pluto Press, 2022).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Of course, the Republican Party has a long and complex history. Just as in the case of the other essential elements of Trumpism, it did not begin with Trump and will not end with him. \u201cWhatever happens to Trump,\u201d journalist Joe Conason writes, \u201cthe fate of American conservatism and the Republican Party \u2026 already seems fixed,\u201d destined \u201cto grind on shamelessly, with or without him,\u201d propagating a well-rehearsed ideology (as Conason puts it) of \u201cfalsehood and fraud.\u201d<span title='Joe Conason, The Longest Con: How Grifters, Swindlers, and Frauds Hijacked American Conservatism (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 2024), pp. 271-272. Also see Heather Cox Richardson, To Make Men Free: A History of the Republican Party (New York: Basic Books, 2014).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>14<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joe Conason, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Longest Con: How Grifters, Swindlers, and Frauds Hijacked American Conservatism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 2024), pp. 271-272. Also see Heather Cox Richardson, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To Make Men Free: A History of the Republican Party<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Basic Books, 2014).<\/span><\/span><\/span> The highly influential and stilted news and opinion operations of Fox News, the Breitbart News Network, and countless talk-radio outlets were well-established before Trump\u2019s presidency.<span title='Pew Research Center, \u201cFive Facts About Fox News,\u201d https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2020\/04\/08\/five-facts-about-fox-news; Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, and Ethan Zuckerman,\u201cStudy: Breitbart-led Right-Wing Media Ecosystem Altered Broader Media Agenda,\u201d Columbia Journalism Review, March 3, 2017, https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/analysis\/breitbart-media-trump-harvard-study.php; \u201cThe Divided Dial\u201d series (November 15 &#8211; December 21, 2022), On the Media, https:\/\/www.wnycstudios.org\/podcasts\/otm\/divided-dial' class='inline-footnote' style=''>15<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pew Research Center, \u201cFive Facts About Fox News,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2020\/04\/08\/five-facts-about-fox-news\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2020\/04\/08\/five-facts-about-fox-news<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, and Ethan Zuckerman,\u201cStudy: Breitbart-led Right-Wing Media Ecosystem Altered Broader Media Agenda,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Columbia Journalism Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, March 3, 2017, https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/analysis\/breitbart-media-trump-harvard-study.php; \u201cThe Divided Dial\u201d series (November 15 &#8211; December 21, 2022), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the Media<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, https:\/\/www.wnycstudios.org\/podcasts\/otm\/divided-dial<\/span><\/span><\/span> Regardless of what happens to Trump, the larger phenomenon of Trumpism will be with us for some time to come. \u201cTrump is not the disease, he\u2019s the symptom,\u201d is how Chris Hedges described it. \u201cTrump really built on a malaise that was already widely prevalent within the United States.\u201d<span title='Chris Hedges, \u201cHarris vs Trump: The End of American Dominance?\u201d Interview with Mohamed Hashem, Real Talk: Middle East Eye, 5 August 2024 (https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/video\/harris-vs-trump-end-american-empire-chris-hedges-real-talk).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>16<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chris Hedges, \u201cHarris vs Trump: The End of American Dominance?\u201d Interview with Mohamed Hashem, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Real Talk: Middle East Eye<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 5 August 2024 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/video\/harris-vs-trump-end-american-empire-chris-hedges-real-talk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/video\/harris-vs-trump-end-american-empire-chris-hedges-real-talk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>We must also be clear that this is a global phenomenon, as noted by many different observers, involving powerful movements and, sometimes, governments in a diverse range of countries: Argentina, Brazil, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Russia, Turkey, the U.S., and more. A combination of terms is used to describe what is happening \u2014 right-wing populism, authoritarian xenophobic ultra-nationalism, etc. \u2014 all seeking to capture its complex content. Sometimes the word \u201cfascism\u201d is applied, but the term <em>quasi-fascism<\/em> seems more apt. The prefix quasi- means \u201cresembling\u201d and \u201chaving some, but not all of the features of.\u201d The term quasi-fascism, in the present moment, can be understood as \u201cfascism in the making.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">A combination of terms is used to describe what is happening \u2014 right-wing populism, authoritarian xenophobic ultra-nationalism, etc. \u2014 all seeking to capture its complex content. Sometimes the word \u201cfascism\u201d is applied, but the term quasi-fascism seems more apt.<\/aside>\n<h4>What is Fascism?<\/h4>\n<p>Fascism represents more than simply a murderous right-wing dictatorship, the sort imposed by monarchs, generals, and wealthy elites for centuries.<span title='For considerably more detail than is possible here, see: David Beetham, ed., Marxists in the Face of Fascism: Writings by Marxists on Fascism From the Inter-war Period (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019); F.L. Carsten, The Rise of Fascism, Second Edition (Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 1982); Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (New York: Vintage Books, 2005). ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>17<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For considerably more detail than is possible here, see: David Beetham, ed., <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marxists in the Face of Fascism: Writings by Marxists on Fascism From the Inter-war Period<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019); F.L. Carsten, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rise of Fascism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Second Edition (Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 1982); Robert O. Paxton, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Anatomy of Fascism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Vintage Books, 2005). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>One of the first Marxists to analyze fascism was German Communist (and Rosa Luxemburg\u2019s longtime comrade) Clara Zetkin. One primary aspect of the fascist development, she noted, involved \u201cthe disintegration and decay of capitalist economy, and the symptom of the dissolution of the bourgeois state.\u201d Another involved the failed promises of reformist politics to defend and advance the well-being of the lower and middle classes,\u00a0 causing massive disillusionment and desperation amid disintegrating realities, especially when the reformists (in this case, those predominating in the German Social Democratic Party) showed themselves to be \u201cin benevolent accord\u201d with liberal capitalists. The third primary aspect, according to Zetkin, involved downwardly mobile middle classes that provided a disappointed mass base, \u201cjoined [she says] by large circles of the proletariat, of workers who have given up their faith not only in socialism, but also in their own class.\u201d The result, Zetkin notes, is that \u201cfascism has become a sort of refuge for the politically shelterless.\u201d<span title='Clara Zetkin, \u201cFascism\u201d (August 1923), Marxist Internet Archive, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/zetkin\/1923\/08\/fascism.htm. Also see Clara Zetkin, Fighting Fascism: How to Struggle and How to Win, ed. by Mike Taber and John Riddell (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017). ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>18<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clara Zetkin, \u201cFascism\u201d (August 1923), Marxist Internet Archive, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/zetkin\/1923\/08\/fascism.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/zetkin\/1923\/08\/fascism.htm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Also see Clara Zetkin, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fighting Fascism: How to Struggle and How to Win<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ed. by Mike Taber and John Riddell (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017). <\/span><\/span> <\/span>It was the <em>promise<\/em> of the Left to solve the economic crisis through socialist transformation \u2014 and then its utter <em>failure<\/em> to do so \u2014 that brought into being the fascist alternative, uniting frightened capitalists and desperate, disappointed masses. This suggests that we on the Left will have a shot at making a revolution before the threat of fascism becomes serious. This is how many of us understood Leon Trotsky\u2019s bald assertion that \u201cfascism will come only if we fail.\u201d<span title=' Leon Trotsky, \u201cAmerican Problems\u201d (August 7, 1940),\u00a0Writings of Leon Trotsky, 1939-1940\u00a0(New York: Pathfinder Press, 1973), p. 337. Italian socialist Ignazio Silone expressed this idea with a cynical twist: \u201cFascism is a counter-revolution against a revolution that never took place\u201d \u2013 see The School for Dictators (London: Jonathan Cape, 1939), p. 112.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>19<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leon Trotsky, \u201cAmerican Problems\u201d (August 7, 1940),\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Writings of Leon Trotsky, 1939-1940<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(New York: Pathfinder Press, 1973), p. 337. Italian socialist Ignazio Silone expressed this idea with a cynical twist: \u201cFascism is a counter-revolution against a revolution that never took place\u201d \u2013 see <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The School for Dictators<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Jonathan Cape, 1939), p. 112.<\/span><\/span> <\/span>In this scenario, the possibility of Trumpism morphing into fascism would be precluded. But this involves a serious misunderstanding of our history, which corresponds in a unique way to the developments described by Zetkin and Trotsky.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">It was the <strong>promise<\/strong> of the Left to solve the economic crisis through socialist transformation \u2014 and then its utter <strong>failure<\/strong> to do so \u2014 that brought into being the fascist alternative, uniting frightened capitalists and desperate, disappointed masses. This suggests that we on the Left will have a shot at making a revolution before the threat of fascism becomes serious.<\/aside>\n<h4>Aspects of U.S. Reality<\/h4>\n<p>The conservatives of the Heritage Foundation, among others, blur together the mildly liberal Democratic Party with rhetorical denunciations of \u201cthe Left\u201d and accusations of \u201csocialism.&#8221; There is a craziness to this \u2014 but on a certain level, it makes sense. It is worth taking a few minutes to consider the history of the U.S. Left and see why it makes sense.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past century, the organized Left has had a powerful impact, influencing politics, laws, consciousness, and culture within the U.S. The labor movement, the waves of feminism, the anti-racist and civil rights movements, the struggles against the Vietnam war, the various student movements, and more, were all instrumental in bringing about far-reaching changes on the U.S. scene over many decades. This would not have been nearly as effective (and might not have come into existence) without the essential organizing efforts of left-wing activists.<\/p>\n<p>This was accompanied by another development, however. Although a significant element of left-wing activists insisted on the need for political independence from pro-capitalist political parties, this was largely overpowered by a deep adaptationist trend. In the \u201cRed Decade\u201d of the 1930s, convergence between socialist-minded forces and a somewhat expansive social liberalism was especially accelerated, as the Democratic Party under Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) \u201cstole\u201d many reform components of the socialist program. This was done, as FDR insisted, to save capitalism during the angry Depression years \u2014 but also to ensure the continuing popularity and election of FDR and those around him. More than this, the bulk of the organized Left was absorbed into the New Deal coalition.<span title='Le Blanc, Marx, Lenin, and the Revolutionary Experience, pp. 153-98; David Milton, The Politics of U.S. Labor, From the Great Depression to the New Deal (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982). ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>20<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Blanc, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marx, Lenin, and the Revolutionary Experience<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pp. 153-98; David Milton, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Politics of U.S. Labor, From the Great Depression to the New Deal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Over half a century, six decisive pivots have made absorption of the organized Left into the Democratic Party almost complete: (1) The trade union movement of the 1930s, particularly the dynamically left-leaning new Congress of Industrial Organizations (the CIO), formed a firm alliance with FDR\u2019s New Deal Democrats; (2) a 1935 decision by the Communist International under Joseph Stalin to form a \u201cPeople\u2019s Front\u201d alliance with liberal capitalists such as FDR, brought the dynamic U.S. Communists into the Democratic Party coalition; (3) at the start of the Cold War, the bulk of the organized labor movement (along with most moderate socialists) embraced the Democratic Party\u2019s anti-Communist and liberal capitalist agenda, leading to a broad \u201csocial compact\u201d of business, labor, and government from the late \u201940s and through the \u201950s; (4) the civil rights coalition of the early \u201960s became intimately entwined with the party of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson; (5) through the \u201970s and \u201980s, much of the 1960s \u201cNew Left\u201d committed to the reform wing of the Democratic Party; and (6) as the twenty-first century began to unfold, new waves of young activists joined with older layers, amid radical-sounding promises and soaring hopes, to put Barack Obama in the White House.<span title='This is explored in Paul Le Blanc, Left Americana: The Radical Heart of US History (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017), as well as Paul Le Blanc and Michael D. Yates, A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013). Also see: Manning Marable, \u201cJackson and the Rise of the Rainbow Coalition,\u201d New Left Review, January-February, 1985; Sheila D. Collins, The Rainbow\u00a0Challenge: The\u00a0Jackson\u00a0Campaign and the Future of U.S. Politics (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1986); Steve Cobble, \u201cJesse Jackson\u2019s Rainbow Coalition Created Today\u2019s Democratic Politics,\u201d The Nation, October 2, 2018; Michael Kazin, What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>21<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is explored in Paul Le Blanc, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Left Americana: The Radical Heart of US History <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017), as well as Paul Le Blanc and Michael D. Yates, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013). Also see: Manning Marable, \u201cJackson and the Rise of the Rainbow Coalition,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Left Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, January-February, 1985; Sheila D. Collins, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rainbow\u00a0Challenge: The\u00a0Jackson\u00a0Campaign and the Future of U.S. Politics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1986); Steve Cobble, \u201cJesse Jackson\u2019s Rainbow Coalition Created Today\u2019s Democratic Politics,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Nation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, October 2, 2018; Michael Kazin, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022).<\/span><\/span> <\/span>From the early twentieth century, the organized Left had been a dynamic force of considerable significance in the U.S. Among workers and the oppressed, it had mobilized effective struggles that won genuine victories. It inspired hopes for further effective struggles that would advance human rights, improve the lives of the working-class majority, and bring to birth a better world. Among the wealthy and powerful, it inspired fear and rage.<span title='See, for example, Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism, 1945-60 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1994).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>22<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See, for example, Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism, 1945-60<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1994).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>By the end of the twentieth century, through the process we have traced, the organized Left had largely evaporated. Some of its rhetoric, many of its values, and much of its reform agenda (often in diluted form) could be found in the Democratic Party. Yet a sincere and practical commitment to replace the economic dictatorship of capitalism with the economic democracy of socialism was no longer on the table. Nonetheless, among the wealthy and powerful there were those who still felt fear and rage, and also a deep determination to recover lost ground, particularly in the context of the disintegration and decay of the capitalist economy.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">[T]he organized Left.. largely evaporated. Some of its rhetoric, many of its values, and much of its reform agenda.. could be found in the Democratic Party. Yet a sincere and practical commitment to replace the economic dictatorship of capitalism with the economic democracy of socialism was no longer on the table.<\/aside>\n<p>That is why anti-Trump Republicans such as Liz Cheney, along with Democrats such as Joe Biden and Kamala Harris \u2014 entwined as they are in the disintegration and decay of the capitalist economy and with no real solutions to offer \u2014 are incapable of providing a durable alternative to Trumpism.<\/p>\n<p>Noting that 30 million U.S. workers have lost their jobs since 1996, Hedges points out this generated \u201ca deep despair and even rage among people who have been betrayed largely by the Democratic Party \u2026 that pushed through NAFTA [the North American Free Trade Agreement]\u201d and \u201cthat de-industrialized the country,\u201d thereby making large chunks of what had been the Democratic Party\u2019s working-class base open to the demagogic appeals of Trumpism.<span title='Hedges, \u201cHarris vs Trump: The End of American Dominance?\u201d' class='inline-footnote' style=''>23<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hedges, \u201cHarris vs Trump: The End of American Dominance?\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Indications are that the white working-class vote has been split. In the 2020 election, Joe Biden got 41% of the white vote while Trump got 58% \u2014 in each case, a majority of these were from working-class voters. (Related to this, 56% of union households went for Biden, and 40% went for Trump.) Political scientists Noam Lupu and Nicholas Carnes document that white working-class support for Trump has often been overstated. Only 30% of his supporters in 2016 were from this proletarian category, although they add that 60% of white working-class voters went for Trump in that year. Some studies indicate a decline in such support.<span title='Roper Center, \u201cHow Groups Voted in 2020,\u201d https:\/\/ropercenter.cornell.edu\/how-groups-voted-2020; Kathryn Royster, \u201cNew Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump,\u201d Vanderbilt University, July 29, 2020, https:\/\/as.vanderbilt.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/29\/political-science-research-debunks-myths-about-white-working-class-support-for-trump\/; Martha McHardy, \u201cDonald Trump\u2019s Support Among White Working Class Has \u2018Shrunk Significantly,\u2019\u201d Newsweek, August 14, 2024, https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/donald-trump-white-working-class-voters-poll-1938946.\u00a0\nHow to define the term \u201cworking class\u201d is highly contested. Some assert that having a college education places a person outside of the working class (which consigns many small business owners to the working class, while teachers and many nurses are consigned to the so-called \u201cmiddle class\u201d). This contrasts with the Marxist definition of working class: those who sell their ability to work for a paycheck, regardless of educational level. Michael Zweig, in his Class, Race, and Gender: Challenging the Injuries and Divisions of Capitalism (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2023, p. 96) presents 61.9% of the U.S. labor force as working class, and 38.1% as \u201cmiddle class.&#8221; But as Harry Braverman and others have indicated, some in this latter category are in occupations that have been proletarianized \u2014 see R. Jamil Jonna and John Bellamy, \u201cBeyond the Degradation of Labor: Braverman and the Structure of the U.S. Working Class,\u201d Monthly Review, Vol. 66, No. 5: October 2014.\u00a0\nIt should be added that when one factors in African American, Hispanic, and Asian American workers, a clear majority of the U.S. working class is not behind Trump.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>24<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roper Center, \u201cHow Groups Voted in 2020,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ropercenter.cornell.edu\/how-groups-voted-2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/ropercenter.cornell.edu\/how-groups-voted-2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Kathryn Royster, \u201cNew Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump,\u201d Vanderbilt University, July 29, 2020, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/as.vanderbilt.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/29\/political-science-research-debunks-myths-about-white-working-class-support-for-trump\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/as.vanderbilt.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/29\/political-science-research-debunks-myths-about-white-working-class-support-for-trump\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Martha McHardy, \u201cDonald Trump\u2019s Support Among White Working Class Has \u2018Shrunk Significantly,\u2019\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newsweek<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, August 14, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/donald-trump-white-working-class-voters-poll-1938946\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/donald-trump-white-working-class-voters-poll-1938946<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to define the term \u201cworking class\u201d is highly contested. Some assert that having a college education places a person outside of the working class (which consigns many small business owners to the working class, while teachers and many nurses are consigned to the so-called \u201cmiddle class\u201d). This contrasts with the Marxist definition of working class: those who sell their ability to work for a paycheck, regardless of educational level. Michael Zweig, in his <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class, Race, and Gender: Challenging the Injuries and Divisions of Capitalism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2023, p. 96) presents 61.9% of the U.S. labor force as working class, and 38.1% as \u201cmiddle class.&#8221; But as Harry Braverman and others have indicated, some in this latter category are in occupations that have been proletarianized \u2014 see R. Jamil Jonna and John Bellamy, \u201cBeyond the Degradation of Labor: Braverman and the Structure of the U.S. Working Class,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monthly Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/monthlyreviewarchives.org\/mr\/issue\/view\/MR-066-05-2014-09\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vol. 66, No. 5: October 2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should be added that when one factors in African American, Hispanic, and Asian American workers, a clear majority of the U.S. working class is not behind Trump.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Yet Harris consistently expresses her support for capitalism, considering herself \u201ca pro-growth capitalist who wants a \u2018forward-looking economy that helps everyone\u2019.\u201d<span title='On Harris\u2019s pro-capitalist orientation, see: \u201cWho is Kamala Harris&#8217; father Donald Harris who Trump accused of being a Marxist in the debate,\u201d The Economic Times, https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/us\/who-is-kamala-harris-father-donald-harris-who-trump-accused-of-being-a-marxist-in-the-debate\/articleshow\/113263386.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst; Amanda Gordon, \u201cDoug Emhoff Pitches Harris\u2019 Economic Vision as \u2018Pro-Capitalism\u2019 and \u2018Helps Everyone,\u2019\u201d Time, August 27, 2024, https:\/\/time.com\/7015029\/doug-emhoff-kamala-harris-pro-capitalism-economic-agenda\/; Nicholas Nehamas and Reid J. Epstein, \u201cHarris Casts Herself as a Pro-Business Pragmatist in a Broad Economic Pitch,\u201d New York Times, September 25, 2024, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/25\/us\/politics\/harris-economic-speech-pro-business.html. ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>25<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Harris\u2019s pro-capitalist orientation, see: \u201cWho is Kamala Harris&#8217; father Donald Harris who Trump accused of being a Marxist in the debate,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Economic Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/us\/who-is-kamala-harris-father-donald-harris-who-trump-accused-of-being-a-marxist-in-the-debate\/articleshow\/113263386.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/us\/who-is-kamala-harris-father-donald-harris-who-trump-accused-of-being-a-marxist-in-the-debate\/articleshow\/113263386.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amanda Gordon, \u201cDoug Emhoff Pitches Harris\u2019 Economic Vision as \u2018Pro-Capitalism\u2019 and \u2018Helps Everyone,\u2019\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, August 27, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/7015029\/doug-emhoff-kamala-harris-pro-capitalism-economic-agenda\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/time.com\/7015029\/doug-emhoff-kamala-harris-pro-capitalism-economic-agenda\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Nicholas Nehamas and Reid J. Epstein, \u201cHarris Casts Herself as a Pro-Business Pragmatist in a Broad Economic Pitch,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 25, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/25\/us\/politics\/harris-economic-speech-pro-business.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/09\/25\/us\/politics\/harris-economic-speech-pro-business.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The problem with this is that capitalist profits are often not consistent with \u201chelping everyone.\u201d Whenever push comes to shove, she can be expected to compromise working-class interests (as has the Democratic Party as a whole) to help maintain capitalist profitability, wreaking havoc on the working-class base, as it has in recent decades. Over the past two years we have seen Democratic politicians lining up with wealthy and powerful elites to deny exploited rail workers the right to strike, allow fossil fuel industries to assault the environment, and enable Israel\u2019s slaughter of tens of thousands of innocent men, women and children in Gaza.<span title='David Shepardson\u00a0and\u00a0Nandita Bose, \u201cBiden Signs Bill to Block U.S. Railroad Strike,\u201d Reuters, December 2, 2022, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/biden-signs-bill-block-us-railroad-strike-2022-12-02\/; Brian Dabbs, \u201cHarris Embraces US Fossil Fuels in Showdown with Trump,\u201d E &amp; E News by Politico, September 11, 2024, https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/harris-embraces-us-fossil-fuels-in-showdown-with-trump\/; Ilan Papp\u00e9, \u201cThe Genocide in Palestine,\u201d The Palestine Chronicle, September 17, 2024, https:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/the-genocide-in-palestine-how-to-prevent-the-next-stage-from-happening-ilan-pappe\/. ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>26<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/authors\/david-shepardson\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Shepardson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/authors\/nandita-bose\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nandita Bose<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u201cBiden Signs Bill to Block U.S. Railroad Strike,\u201d Reuters, December 2, 2022, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/biden-signs-bill-block-us-railroad-strike-2022-12-02\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/biden-signs-bill-block-us-railroad-strike-2022-12-02\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Brian Dabbs, \u201cHarris Embraces US Fossil Fuels in Showdown with Trump,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E &amp; E News by Politico<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 11, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/harris-embraces-us-fossil-fuels-in-showdown-with-trump\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/harris-embraces-us-fossil-fuels-in-showdown-with-trump\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; Ilan Papp\u00e9, \u201cThe Genocide in Palestine,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Palestine Chronicle<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, September 17, 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/the-genocide-in-palestine-how-to-prevent-the-next-stage-from-happening-ilan-pappe\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/the-genocide-in-palestine-how-to-prevent-the-next-stage-from-happening-ilan-pappe\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In a <em>London Review of Books<\/em> report on the recent Democratic Party national convention, Christian Lorentzen noted \u201cthe alliance forged under Joe Biden between the party\u2019s centrist establishment and its formerly insurgent left wing,\u201d concluding \u201cthat the Democratic tent is big enough for firebrands who denounce billionaires as well the right sort of billionaires,\u201d who support, fund, and help lead the Democratic Party. Even a moderate socialist such as Bernie Sanders \u2014 good as he is in some ways \u2014 is badly compromised to the extent that he consistently and systematically calls upon his supporters to remain within the framework of the staunchly pro-capitalist Democratic Party. Sanders ends his most recent book with the exhortation: \u201cIt\u2019s time, finally, for the Democrats to recognize that good policy is good politics. It\u2019s good for the party. It\u2019s good for the country. It\u2019s good for the world. Let\u2019s do it!\u201d<span title='Christian Lorentzen, \u201cNot a Tough Crowd,\u201d London Review of Books, 12 September2024, p. 31; Bernie Sanders, It\u2019s OK to Be Angry About Capitalism (New York: Crown, 2023), p. 293.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>27<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christian Lorentzen, \u201cNot a Tough Crowd,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">London Review of Books<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 12 September2024, p. 31; Bernie Sanders, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s OK to Be Angry About Capitalism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Crown, 2023), p. 293.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Lenin and Leninism<\/h4>\n<p>In contrast to such compromising liberals and moderate socialists, and also to grotesque \u201csuper-capitalists\u201d such as Trump, is the <em>uncompromisingly<\/em> anti-capitalist Lenin. The logic of Trump is to manipulate mass pressure, mass consciousness, and mass struggles to his advantage, for the enhancement of his position and power, but also to unleash the \u201cdynamic genius\u201d (and profits) of capitalism. The logic of Lenin (to use the old radical-labor slogan) is to \u201cagitate, educate, and organize.\u201d Draw together more and more of the working class, with a deepening sense of class consciousness, to struggle for immediate improvements in the condition of laboring people and the oppressed, and replace the power of the capitalists with the collective power of the working class. The result being a transformation of the economy to an economic democracy in which technologies and resources required to meet human needs are socially owned and used specifically to meet those needs.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">The logic of Trump is to manipulate mass pressure, mass consciousness, and mass struggles to his advantage, for the enhancement of his position and power, but also to unleash the \u201cdynamic genius\u201d (and profits) of capitalism. The logic of Lenin (to use the old radical-labor slogan) is to \u201cagitate, educate, and organize.\u201d<\/aside>\n<p>Comparing the personality of Trump with that of Lenin is also instructive. One of Lenin\u2019s most informed and critical biographers, anti-Communist journalist Isaac Don Levine, described him as:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2026 without arrogance, without any personal ambition, a ruler who shunned honors, Lenin was perhaps the first great leader in history who had no mania for glory, for authority, for pomp. His quest for power was not an egotistic passion but a duty imposed upon him by his [revolutionary socialist] faith, and he used it not to further his own selfish ends, but to promote his ideals.<span title='Isaac Don Levine, The Man Lenin (New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1924), p. 34.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>28<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isaac Don Levine, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Man Lenin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1924), p. 34.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Levine emphasized the extreme modesty of Lenin\u2019s living standards and his treatment of others. He quoted one of Lenin\u2019s prominent Menshevik opponents, Raphael Abramovitch: \u201cHis home life and personal relations would merit the enthusiasm of any Baptist minister. It is difficult to conceive a simpler, kinder and more unpretentious person than Lenin at home. Making ends meet with difficulty, he was always shabbily dressed, and is not much different in that respect even now,\u201d after the Bolshevik revolution. Abramovitch added \u201cpoverty worried him little, for his only interest in life lies in party affairs and politics.\u201d Levine\u2019s conclusion built up to an unrelenting political criticism, but also emphasized much that was positive: \u201cUnselfish and irreproachable in his character, of a retiring disposition, almost ascetic in his habits, extremely modest and gentle in his direct contact with people, although peremptory and derisive in his treatment of political enemies, Lenin could be daring and provocative in his policies, inflexible in the execution of his principles, unscrupulous in his method of government and crafty and pitiless in his handling of men and affairs.\u201d<span title='Levine, The Man Lenin, pp. 36, 193.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>29<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Levine, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Man Lenin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pp. 36, 193.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>What Levine identifies in negative terms was seen by Lenin\u2019s comrade, Anatoly Lunacharsky, as reflecting the single-mindedness which was \u201cthe dominating trait of his character, the feature which constituted half his make-up, [which] was his will: an extremely firm, extremely forceful will capable of concentrating itself on the most immediate task but which yet never strayed beyond the radius traced out by his powerful intellect and which assigned every individual problem its place as a link in a huge, world-wide political chain.\u201d<span title='Anatoly Lunacharsky, \u201cVladimir Ilyich Lenin,\u201d Revolutionary Silhouettes, Marxist Internet Archive, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/lunachar\/works\/silhouet\/lenin.htm.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>30<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anatoly Lunacharsky, \u201cVladimir Ilyich Lenin,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revolutionary Silhouettes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Marxist Internet Archive, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/lunachar\/works\/silhouet\/lenin.htm.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This suggests an intellectual coherence absent from Trump\u2019s make up. One is highly cultured, and the other is not. While Trump boasted \u201cI don\u2019t read books,\u201d Lenin immersed himself in the works of William Shakespeare, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Anton Chekov, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Chernyshevksy and Maxim Gorky, among many others. More than this, he wrote many books, although these were entirely devoted to politically-focused prose.<\/p>\n<p>While there was an openness to his evolving Marxist perspectives, there was also a remarkable consistency. In his polemic of the early 1890s, <em>What the \u201cFriends of the People\u201d Are<\/em>, Lenin emphasized themes that would be central to his thought, his writings, and his actions over the next three decades. It\u2019s worth considering several key passages:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The worker cannot fail to see that he is oppressed by\u00a0<em><strong>capital<\/strong><\/em>, that his struggle has to be waged against the bourgeois\u00a0<strong><em>class<\/em><\/strong>. And this struggle, aimed at satisfying his immediate economic needs, at improving his material conditions, inevitably demands that the workers organize, and inevitably becomes a war not against individuals, but against a\u00a0<strong><em>class<\/em><\/strong>, the class which oppresses and crushes the working people not only in the factories, but everywhere.\u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n<p>When its advanced representatives have mastered the ideas of scientific socialism, the idea of the historical role of the Russian worker, when these ideas become widespread, and when stable organizations are formed among the workers to transform the workers\u2019 present sporadic economic war into conscious class struggle \u2014 then the Russian worker rising at the head of all the democratic elements, will overthrow absolutism and lead the Russian working class (side by side with the proletariat of all countries) along the straight road of open political struggle to the victorious communist revolution.<span title='V.I. Lenin, \u201cWhat the \u2018Friends of the People\u2019 Are and How They Fight the Social Democrats,\u201d Collected Works, Volume 1 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1960), pp. 299, 300. That this orientation informs all of Lenin\u2019s political thought can be seen in V. I. Lenin, Revolution, Democracy, Socialism: Selected Writings, ed. by Paul Le Blanc (London: Pluto Press, 2008), and also in Paul Le Blanc, Lenin and the Revolutionary Party (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015). ' class='inline-footnote' style=''>31<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'>V.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I. Lenin, \u201cWhat the \u2018Friends of the People\u2019 Are and How They Fight the Social Democrats,\u201d <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Collected Works<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Volume 1 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1960), pp. 299, 300. That this orientation informs all of Lenin\u2019s political thought can be seen in V. I. Lenin, <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Revolution, Democracy, Socialism: Selected Writings<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ed. by Paul Le Blanc (London: Pluto Press, 2008), and also in Paul Le Blanc, <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Lenin and the Revolutionary Party <\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">We find Lenin\u2019s insistence that the revolutionary party must function as \u201ca tribune of the people,\u201d combining working-class struggles with systematic struggles against all forms of oppression, regardless of which class was affected.<\/aside>\n<p>The ways in which Lenin developed and applied these perspectives deserve to be elaborated and critically examined. In doing that, we find a commitment to what Georg Luk\u00e1cs called \u201cthe actuality of revolution,\u201d or as Max Eastman put it, a rejection of those \u201cwho talked revolution but did not intend to produce it.\u201d At the same time, we find a commitment to utilizing Marxist theory dialectically; not as dogma, but as a guide to action, understanding that general theoretical perspectives must be modified through application to \u201cthe concrete economic and political conditions of each particular period of the historical process.\u201d We find Lenin\u2019s insistence that the revolutionary party must function as \u201ca tribune of the people,\u201d combining working-class struggles with systematic struggles against all forms of oppression, regardless of which class was affected. There is also an approach to the interplay of reform struggles with the longer-range revolutionary struggle, permeated by several qualities: (a) a refusal to bow to the oppressive and exploitative powers-that-be; (b) a refusal to submit to the transitory \u201crealism\u201d of mainstream politics; and (c) a measuring of all activity by how it helps build working-class consciousness, the mass workers\u2019 movement, and the revolutionary organization necessary to overturn capitalism.<span title='Georg Luk\u00e1cs, Lenin, A Study on the Unity of His Thought (London: Verso, 2009), p. 11; Max Eastman, Marx, Lenin, and the Science of Revolution (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1926), pp. 150, 151; V. I. Lenin, \u201cLetters on Tactics,\u201d \u201cWhat Is To Be Done,\u201d and \u201cAgainst Subordination to Liberals,\u201d in Revolution, Democracy, Socialism, pp. 259, 140, 143, 162-6.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>32<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Georg Luk\u00e1cs, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lenin, A Study on the Unity of His Thought<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Verso, 2009), p. 11; Max Eastman, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marx, Lenin, and the Science of Revolution <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(London: George Allen and Unwin, 1926), pp. 150, 151; V. I. Lenin, \u201cLetters on Tactics,\u201d \u201cWhat Is To Be Done,\u201d and \u201cAgainst Subordination to Liberals,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revolution, Democracy, Socialism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pp. 259, 140, 143, 162-6.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">Those who share Lenin\u2019s commitments have a responsibility to adapt his perspectives to what has unfolded over the past hundred years. In doing so, we must face a key aspect of Trumpism\u2019s superiority as a global political force.<\/aside>\n<p>Those who share Lenin\u2019s commitments have a responsibility to adapt his perspectives to what has unfolded over the past hundred years. In doing so, we must face a key aspect of Trumpism\u2019s superiority as a global political force. The international working-class movement that was essential to the logic of Leninism is no longer the powerful force of a hundred years ago. There has been a dramatic decline and fragmentation of the working-class movement in the capitalist centers where it once flourished.<span title='A massive narrative, focusing on Europe and indicating what once existed and what has been lost, can be found in Geoff Eley, Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000 (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002). In a different key but covering some of the same ground is Mike Davis\u2019s brilliant volume Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx\u2019s Lost Theory (London: Verso, 2018).' class='inline-footnote' style=''>33<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A massive narrative, focusing on Europe and indicating what once existed and what has been lost, can be found in Geoff Eley, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002). In a different key but covering some of the same ground is Mike Davis\u2019s brilliant volume <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx\u2019s Lost Theory<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Verso, 2018).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Those of us who are in basic agreement with Lenin\u2019s orientation have a responsibility to do what we can to reverse that process, and to help build the working-class movement and the revolutionary socialist strength and vigor capable of overcoming the problems of our time.<\/p>\n<p>For now, Trumpism is far more powerful than the meager and disparate forces currently drawn to the Leninist alternative. Yet the logic of Trumpism pulls toward the deepening disintegration, violence, and catastrophes of global capitalism. The logic of the alternative pulls toward economic democracy, expanding liberty, and justice for all. The choice, as Rosa Luxemburg noted long ago, is between socialism and barbarism.<span title='See Paul Le Blanc and Helen C. Scott, eds., Socialism or Barbarism: The Selected Writings of Rosa Luxemburg (London: Pluto Press, 2010), and Paul Le Blanc, \u201cRosa Luxemburg and the Final Conflict,\u201d Spectre, April 24, 2020, https:\/\/spectrejournal.com\/rosa-luxemburg-and-the-final-conflict\/.' class='inline-footnote' style=''>34<span class='footnoteContent' style='display:none;'><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See Paul Le Blanc and Helen C. Scott, eds., <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Socialism or Barbarism: The Selected Writings of Rosa Luxemburg<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (London: Pluto Press, 2010), and Paul Le Blanc, \u201cRosa Luxemburg and the Final Conflict,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spectre<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, April 24, 2020, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/spectrejournal.com\/rosa-luxemburg-and-the-final-conflict\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/spectrejournal.com\/rosa-luxemburg-and-the-final-conflict\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><small>Featured Image credit:<a href=\"https:\/\/garystockbridge617.getarchive.net\/amp\/media\/clive-weed-vladimir-lenin-b0c790\"> Clive Weed<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/24354425@N03\/31367102875\">Stuart Rankin<\/a>; modified by Tempest.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><em>Opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or the Tempest Collective. For more information, see \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempestmag.org\/about\/\">About Tempest Collective<\/a>.\u201d<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Paul LeBlanc<\/strong> argues that socialists must adapt Leninism to the current moment to face Trumpism\u2019s political effectiveness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":13428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[82,545,62,76],"class_list":["post-13426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-donald-trump","tag-lenin","tag-trump","tag-u-s-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/feature_card-12.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}