{"id":10405,"date":"2023-06-08T00:27:07","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T04:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tempestmag.org\/v01_2020\/staging\/?p=10405"},"modified":"2023-06-18T22:08:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T02:08:48","slug":"disability-justice-movements-history-and-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/2023\/06\/disability-justice-movements-history-and-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Disability justice movements: history and practice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Socialism and movements for disability justice\u2013Dana Cloud<\/h4>\n<p>In March, 1990, The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was stalled in Congress. But on the eve of the vote, activists engaged in momentous direct action. In addition to marches and rallies at the Capitol, activists in ADAPT, long experienced in militancy, led what would become one of the most compelling protests in the history of the movement. Activist Michael Auberger, in an interview with historian Fred Pelka, recounted these events:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It didn\u2019t feel like ADAPT to just march and not do any sort of direct action. So the crawl-up was something that we set up to meet that need. So, after the speeches, those who wanted to, participated in the crawl-up, which was people getting out of their wheelchairs and crawling up the steps of the Capitol. It was definitely theater, but it was also a statement: As far as you&#8217;ve gone, you&#8217;re not there yet. Probably 100 people did the actual crawl-up. Everybody who started made it up\u2014we made sure of that. I was surprised at all the emotion that came out of it, and everybody at the bottom who watched, they couldn&#8217;t believe what they saw. I guess it was a catharsis, is the best way to describe it. And I don&#8217;t think any of the people that actually crawled up thought it would be that way. Somewhere in there, with all the energy that was expended, it just put everybody right there on the edge of, and in touch with, their anger, and in touch with a lot of history about access. All the years of oppression seem to come out right then and there. Tears. People were crying. Then the next day we did the demonstration in the Rotunda, chanting \u201cADA Now!\u201d and \u201cVote Now, Vote Now!\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>106 activists, having chained their wheelchairs together with kryptonite locks, were arrested in a process that took six hours. Activists blockaded buses and jammed the courthouse and jail until police were forced to release them.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10417\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10417\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10417 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Capitol-Crawl.png\" alt=\"About 20 demonstrators, many in blue shirts, climb the steps of the U.S. Capitol while media record the scene. Other protesters, some in wheelchairs, stand by.\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Capitol-Crawl.png 600w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Capitol-Crawl-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Capitol Crawl-up. <a href=\"https:\/\/dmh.lacounty.gov\/blog\/2022\/03\/capitol-crawl-to-access-for-all\/\">Photo<\/a> from the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the wake of this protest, the Americans With Disabilities Act was passed on July 12.<\/p>\n<p>Before the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was the most significant piece of legislation, itself won through hard struggle by Disabled in Action and its leaders, including Judy Heumann (who died this year), who led 80 activists in a sit-in on Madison Avenue. Disabled activists also demonstrated in Washington, D.C. to protest the Nixon veto of the act.<\/p>\n<p>Section 504 of that Act prohibited exclusion of disabled people in any service or program receiving federal assistance. This section defined people with disabilities as a category facing discrimination, redefining disability from a problem to an identity deserving protection under the law. The Carter administration hesitated to enforce its provisions, however, until another act of militant protest forced its hand.<\/p>\n<p>What is now known as the 504 sit-in took place when, on April 5, 1977, activists gathered to demonstrate at the San Francisco Health, Education, and Welfare offices around the country to demand the signing of regulations for Section 504.<\/p>\n<p>Heumann and others planned a demonstration and occupation. After 500 activists demonstrated on Civic Center Plaza, 150 people with disabilities and their allies entered the Federal Building to occupy HEW regional director Joseph Maldonado\u2019s office. Organizations of allies outside the building prepared to support the occupation.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">Movements for disability rights and justice in the United States have been diverse, creative, and militant. The movement\u2019s organizations and activists overlapped and were inspired by\u2013and often operated in solidarity with\u2013the civil rights, Black power, feminist, labor, and queer social movements.<\/aside>\n<p>Cross-movement solidarity was crucial to this effort, as disability rights groups had formed coalitions with civil rights groups, the Black Panther Party, a number of queer liberation organizations, the United Farm Workers, the International Association of Machinists, the Gray Panthers, and others.<\/p>\n<p>Protesters with diverse needs occupied that space for 26 days. As Kitty Cone <a href=\"https:\/\/dredf.org\/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary\/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in\/\">described<\/a> the scene, protesters addressed each other\u2019s medical needs, helping people to obtain and take necessary medications, turning some occupiers over in their sleeping bags to prevent bedsores, reading to the blind, assisting people in eating, and assisting people to the bathroom. People attended to each other\u2013from each according to their ability, to each according to their need. The occupation developed committees and routines to care for and feed this large group. They held daily meetings. They played games, made art, and debated about politics.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, the Black Panther Party arrived to volunteer to feed the occupiers and stood up to FBI attempts to prohibit them, saying, \u201cWe support you because you\u2019re asking America to change, to treat you like human beings, like you belong. We always support people fighting for their rights.\u201d The Panthers provided food for the duration of the occupation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10414\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10414\" style=\"width: 767px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10414 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-767x1024.webp\" alt=\"The cover from The Black Panther Intercommunal Newspaper with the headline: Handicapped win demands-end H.E.W. occupation: Pressure forces Califano to sign 504 regulations. There are photos from the demonstration and occupation.\" width=\"767\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-767x1024.webp 767w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-600x800.webp 600w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-225x300.webp 225w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-768x1025.webp 768w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-300x400.webp 300w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1-150x200.webp 150w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BlackPantherParty_newspaper_504_page1.webp 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10414\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo from the Disability History Project.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On April 28, HEW secretary Joseph Califano signed a complete set of 504 regulations.<\/p>\n<p>Along with the ADA, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 has been the foundation of successful disability rights legislation, litigation, and reforms to this day.<\/p>\n<p>Movements for disability rights and justice in the United States have been diverse, creative, and militant. The movement\u2019s\u00a0organizations and activists overlapped and were inspired by\u2013and often operated in solidarity with\u2013the civil rights, Black power, feminist, labor, and queer social movements.<\/p>\n<p>In the Bay area, and particularly at the University of California at Berkeley\u2014then in cities across the country\u2014Deaf people, the blind, neurodivergent people, people with mobility and neurological disabilities, and people diagnosed with mental illness demanded access to jobs, public spaces, adaptive communication technologies, education, transportation, health care, access to services, and the freedom and resources to choose where and how to live. The reforms won over the course of this diverse movement resulted from the continual pressure on the part of activists in the courts, schools, hospitals and \u201chomes\u201d&#8211;and in the streets.<\/p>\n<p>Every moment of past struggle that results in greater access and equity should inform our work today. Demanding that capitalist society recognize people whose bodies do not conform to the imperatives of the system is revolutionary in itself. That said, both independent living and disability rights frameworks were limited by, in the first case, an emphasis on individual responsibility without demands on the system and state, and in the second, by faith in the reforms that the system was willing to offer.<\/p>\n<p>Hard-won rights legislation can only go so far when the oppression of people with disabilities is closely tied to the imperatives of capitalist society, whose definitions of appropriately productive bodies generate ongoing exclusion, stigmatization, and violence. For-profit health care, insurance, and the pharmaceutical industry deprive disabled people, who are disproportionately poor and unemployed, of vitally necessary resources. Religious beliefs, eugenics, moralism, assimilationism, and the medical model have framed disability awareness and policy over the course of capitalism\u2019s history in ways that justify ongoing oppression.<\/p>\n<p>For these reasons, a key tenet of contemporary disability justice theory and activism today is anti-capitalism. The principles of disability justice articulated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinsinvalid.org\/blog\/10-principles-of-disability-justice\">Sins Invalid Collective<\/a> include the following:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We are anti-capitalist, as the very nature of our mind\/bodies often resists conforming to a capitalist \u201cnormative\u201d level of production. We don\u2019t believe that human worth is dependent on what and how much a person can produce. We critique a concept of \u201clabor\u201d as defined by able-bodied supremacy, white supremacy, and gender normativity. We understand capitalism to be a system that promotes private wealth accumulation for some at the expense of others.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Keith Rosenthal\u2019s anthology of the writings of revolutionary socialist and disability activist Marta Russell, along with Roddy Slorach\u2019s <em>A Very Capitalist Condition<\/em>, explains the connections between the oppression of disabled people and the capitalist system. Russell, a civil rights activist with cerebral palsy and film industry worker, was involved with disability activist organizations like ADAPT (Americans Disabled for Accessible Public Transit, then simply ADAPT) and Not Dead Yet (a group contesting the practice of cost- and stigma-driven physician-assisted suicide).<\/p>\n<p>Russell argues that capitalism in particular not only oppresses and excludes disabled people; its exploitation of workers also actively disables people through dangerous, repetitive, and numbing work. Moreover, the imperative of imperialist war in capitalist society sends working class people to the front lines, many of whom return injured, ill, and traumatized. Disabled veterans then face lives of exclusion, poverty, homelessness, addiction, and suffering.<\/p>\n<p>From its outset, the capitalist system defined workers as free insofar as they have the right to choose between work and death. Economic discrimination thus became necessary regarding bodies that are not capable of producing surplus value at the prevailing rate. The definition of the disabled as defective on a medical model reinforces oppression and pathologizes us. Even as the meager welfare system has provided some social services, it also regulates and surveils the lives of recipients.<\/p>\n<p>The category of disability is a means of controlling the labor supply, pushing less \u201cproductive\u201d exploitable workers out of the mainstream workforce and sustaining a hyper-exploitable labor reserve. Disabled workers face inherent economic discrimination, as employers are unwilling to bear what they regard as excessive additional employee costs, and the state is reluctant to acknowledge the rights and the needs of the disabled because, in neoliberal capitalism, elites are unwilling to extend state resources for care and accommodation. What welfare exists, in the form of supplemental security disability income payments, is completely inadequate, especially when even sporadic and part-time employment disqualifies recipients. This is why disabled people are disproportionately poor, living in conditions without adequate healthcare, housing, or assistance.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, ironically, disability has become big business as corporations offer \u201csolutions\u201d like privatized institutionalization and costly private care. Retailers pay lip service to inclusion in advertising images of happy disabled bodies. Disabled bodies thus become commodities.<\/p>\n<p>Today, the problems facing disabled people include ongoing poverty, unemployment, lack of access to care, and violence. In particular, abolitionists and disability justice advocates have called attention to the fact that half of people killed by police are disabled.<\/p>\n<p>We cannot look to reforms\u2014however crucial they may be\u2014the legal system, the legislative process, or the Democratic party to solve these problems. The two major acts defining disability rights in the United States were passed during the administrations of Richard Nixon and George H.W. Bush, not Jimmy Carter\u2014who was reluctant to enforce the most significant section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act\u2014or Bill Clinton, who ended the welfare system and replaced it with one in which people must be able to labor in the paid workforce to qualify for even temporary aid.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">Disability justice is closely tied to the labor struggle and struggles against incarceration and policing. Issues of disability are tied to the fight for universal healthcare. In addition, the disability rights struggle offers lessons in theory, organization, and militant protest.<\/aside>\n<p>As Marta Russell wrote, \u201cDisability politics must challenge the system if they are not to be flawed strategies or forms of bourgeois ideology.\u201d The socialist constructed category of disability is a product of capitalist society and one of the most brutal expressions of a system that produces disability and then asks people to pay to address it while at the same time excluding, segregating, abusing, and discarding people whom the system regards as unproductive.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, disability justice is closely tied to the labor struggle and struggles against incarceration and policing. Issues of disability are tied to the fight for universal healthcare. In addition, the disability rights struggle offers lessons in theory, organization, and militant protest. Because socialists are committed to building both the labor and abolitionist movements and because we are anti-capitalist, revolutionary militants, disability justice should be an automatic priority for us today. It should be up front alongside gender liberation, labor emancipation, and anti-racism in our publications and organizational statements. Every union we work with should take up the struggle for disability justice. We should seek out and support disabled activists in our local work. And we must make every single meeting, event, and protest\u2014virtual or embodied\u2014completely accessible to everyone\u2019s bodies and minds.<\/p>\n<p>The struggle of disabled people\u2014our struggle\u2014calls upon us to rethink the very idea of disability: a construct produced in, by, and for capitalist society, in which employers and politicians attempt to negate our sense of power and agency. They have failed. The crawl-up protest for the ADA in 1990 and the 504 sit-in demonstrated the capacity of militant activists to dramatize and challenge the oppression and exploitation at the heart of the capitalist system. Present-day activists should look to these examples for lessons in militancy, leadership, and politics.<\/p>\n<h4>Socialist activism for disability justice now!\u2013Nina Lozano<\/h4>\n<p>Disability justice must be at the forefront of any socialist project. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinsinvalid.org\/blog\/10-principles-of-disability-justice\">Sins Invalid 10 pillars of disability justice<\/a> tell us to focus on\u00a0intersectionality, leadership of the most impacted, anti-capitalist politics, a commitment to cross-movement organizing, the recognition of wholeness, sustainability, a commitment to cross-disability solidarity, interdependence, collective access, and collective liberation.<\/p>\n<p>Audre Lorde reminds us that \u201cwe do not live single issue lives.\u201d\u00a0Ableism, coupled with white supremacy, supported by capitalism, underscored by heteropatriarchy, has rendered the vast majority of the world invalid.\u00a0Aurora Levins Morales reminds us that \u201cwe are led by those who most know these systems.\u201d We must be committed to anti-capitalist politics. In an economy that sees land and humans as components of profit, we are anti-capitalist by the nature of having non-conforming body-minds.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of\u00a0how social justice movements understand disability and contextualize ableism, disability justice lends itself to the politics of alliance.\u00a0People have inherent worth outside of commodity relations and capitalist notions of productivity.\u00a0Each person is full of history and life experience.\u00a0We pace ourselves individually and collectively in order to sustain ourselves and others over the long term.\u00a0Our embodied experiences guide us towards ongoing justice and liberation.<\/p>\n<p>We must honor the insights and participation of all of our community members knowing that isolation undermines collective liberation.\u00a0We must organize to meet each other&#8217;s needs as we build towards liberation, knowing that state solutions inevitability extend into further control over our lives. Demanding resources from the state is necessary, but disabled people must set the terms for their engagement with the system.<\/p>\n<p>As queer, Brown, and\u00a0Black bodied disabled people we bring flexibility and creative nuance that go beyond able bodied\/minded normativity to be in community with each other.\u00a0No body or mind can be left behind. Only moving together can we accomplish the revolution that we require.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\">In terms of\u00a0how social justice movements understand disability and contextualize ableism, disability justice lends itself to the politics of alliance.\u00a0People have inherent worth outside of commodity relations and capitalist notions of productivity.\u00a0Each person is full of history and life experience.<\/aside>\n<p>The disability justice movement did not begin in 1990 with the Americans With Disabilities Act, but with Harriet Tubman in 1820. It includes Frida Kahlo, Audre Lorde, Cherrie Moraga, and Gloria Anzald\u00faa. It began with my ancestors.<\/p>\n<p>The disability justice movement must be viewed in a Marxist lens.\u00a0Rosenthal argues that disability is not static, but fundamentally linked to the needs of capitalist accumulation.\u00a0So I agree with Rosenthal when he states,<\/p>\n<p>Disability is a socially created category derived from labor relations, a product of the exploitative economic structure of capitalist society which creates (and then oppresses) the so-called disabled body as one of the conditions that allow the capitalist class to accumulate wealth.\u00a0Therefore, capitalism and disability are structurally, necessarily, and ontogenetically linked in a dialectical process of mutual reinforcement.<\/p>\n<p>How do we push back against this capitalist framework?\u00a0How do we ensure that no body or mind is left behind?<\/p>\n<p>I am informed by the work of Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha in their book <em>Care Work:\u00a0Dreaming Disability Justice<\/em>.\u00a0I am also informed by the work of Shayda Kafai in their book <em>Crip Kinship:\u00a0The Disability Justice &amp; Art Activism of Sins Invalid<\/em>.\u00a0While socialist projects tend to focus on public protest that makes demands of the state and system, Piepzna-Samarasinha\u2019s work reminds us of the importance of mutual aid.\u00a0Mutual aid must not be dismissed by socialists. Mutual aid is a political because care collectives provide necessary supports for disabled activists and because the organization of such care builds organizations and networks across movements and identities.\u00a0Piepzna-Samarasinha states,<\/p>\n<p>What does it mean to shift our ideas of access and care (whether it\u2019s a disability, childcare, economic access, or many more) from an individual chore, an unfortunate cost of having an unfortunate body, to a collective responsibility that\u2019s maybe even deeply joyful? If collective access is revolutionary love without charity, how do we learn to love each other?<\/p>\n<p>For some, disability justice may mean rejecting the state in favor of organizing care among our chosen kin.\u00a0Piepzna-Samarasinha talks about these grassroots groups in struggles as \u201ccare webs.\u201d\u00a0Revolutionary care may mean cooking meals for others, listening without judgment, sharing meds, supporting each other during psychotic breaks, or even lifting each other onto a toilet or a scooter.\u00a0Crip-on-crip care is revolutionary.<\/p>\n<p>Questions to ask as you start a care web or collective:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">What is the goal of your care web?<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Who needs care and of what kind?<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Who is in it?\u00a0What are their roles:\u00a0caregiver, care receiver, both, admin person, fundraiser?<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">How are you resisting the charity model in your work?,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">What are the best practices that allow the people receiving care to receive care well?<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">What are the best practices that all the people offering care to offer care well?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I have severe fibromyalgia.\u00a0I live in constant pain.\u00a0I hurt every day.\u00a0Most days the pain is unbearable.\u00a0I now must use a cane or a scooter.\u00a0Unless I am using one of these devices, my disability is invisible.\u00a0Invisible disabilities are one of the largest issues plaguing the disability justice movement, especially when we must include neurodivergent disabilities.\u00a0Assuming people are lazy or lying is straight up ableism.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10422\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10422\" style=\"width: 799px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10422 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Disabilities-protest-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A person in a green hat, black glasses, and blue coat sits in a wheechair holding a sign reading &quot;Accomodations \u2260 Favors \u2260 Advantages =ADA &amp; 504.&quot; Two people stand behind.\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Disabilities-protest-1.jpeg 799w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Disabilities-protest-1-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Disabilities-protest-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Disabilities-protest-1-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andrea Chau via Flikr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We must engage in accessible activism even as our organizations operate in ways that are, if unintentionally, ableist.\u00a0This conference, for example, is not accessible to participants who cannot travel.\u00a0As a foundational principle, collective access advocates that spaces and events can push past ableism and instead creatively establish access for all our body and minds.\u00a0All conferences should have a virtual option to view and to present. Consider providing seating for audience members who might need extra space for their bodies. Conferences should provide multiple language options including ASL interpretation, as well as audio descriptions of visual material.\u00a0Remind participants that they are entering scent-free venues.<\/p>\n<p>What about protests?\u00a0I must use a wheelchair, a walker, or a cane. I cannot keep up with the pace of most marches and find myself at the back trailing with others who have been left in the dust.\u00a0Protest leaders should call on disabled people to lead the march at a pace that will include everyone.<\/p>\n<p>We must interrogate other forms of activism as ableist.\u00a0I cannot sit or stand on a picket line for hours a day.\u00a0There should be rotating bodies to help fill this void.\u00a0This would at least ensure that disabled people can keep up and participate fully.<\/p>\n<p>The politics of care work challenge ableist and classist stereotypes about our lives.\u00a0No, my life does not need yoga, losing weight, or being more mindful. Care should not be individualized into a bourgeois, privatized model of self-care. We need what bell hooks calls \u201ca community of resistance,\u201d\u00a0or what Shayda Kafai calls \u201ccrip-centric liberated zones\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>a multidirectional community love practice.\u00a0It is a place of our own creation where we, the disabled, queer of color many, can exist and thrive liberated from the oppressions that regulate our daily lives.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Such liberated zones engage also in cross-movement solidarity in recognition of shared oppressions and struggles.<\/p>\n<p>Disability justice should be recognized as central to our work. I call on my comrades to enact these principles, to recognize the needs and capacities of disabled revolutionaries in every aspect of our practice from slogans and principles to the organizing of meetings, routines of our organizations, and protests.<\/p>\n<h4>Suggested Reading:<\/h4>\n<p>Fred Pelka, <em>What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement<\/em> (University of Massachusetts Press, 2012).<\/p>\n<p>Julia Carmel, \u201c\u2019Nothing About Us Without Us\u2019: 16 Moments in the Fight for Disability Rights.\u201d <em>The New York Times<\/em>, July 22, 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Marta Russell, <em>Capitalism &amp; Disability: Selected Writings by Marta Russell<\/em>, ed. Keith Rosenthal (Haymarket Books, 2019).<\/p>\n<p>Roddy Slorach, <em>A Very Capitalist Condition: A History and Politics of Disability<\/em> (London: Bookmarks, 2015).<\/p>\n<p>Shayda Kafai, <em>Crip Kinship: The Disability Justice &amp; Art Activism of Sins Invalid<\/em> (Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp, 2021).<\/p>\n<h4>Suggested Viewing:<\/h4>\n<p>Disability\u00a0 Rights Education and Defense Fund, \u201cThe Power of 504\u201d (2008), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nicole Newnham and Jim LeBrecht, dirs., <em>Crip Camp<\/em> (2020). Available on Netflix.<\/p>\n<p><small>Featured Image Credit: Disabled and Here project, photo taken by <a href=\"https:\/\/affecttheverb.com\/gallery\/disabledandhere\/streetprotest\/\">Chona Kasinger<\/a>; modified by Tempest.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this second article of two (the first is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempestmag.org\/2023\/06\/the-political-economy-of-disability\/\">here<\/a>) on disability justice and socialism, from a roundtable held at Socialism 2022, <strong>Dana Cloud<\/strong> and <strong>Nina Lozano<\/strong> explore the history of social movements by people with disabilities and suggest lessons for socialist practice today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245,"featured_media":10430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[442,464,433,30],"class_list":["post-10405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-capitalism","tag-disability","tag-disability-justice","tag-socialism"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/disability-justice_p2_feature-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/245"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10405\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tempestmag.org\/test02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}